Which type of cleaning is only achieved through sterilization?

The complete removal of all pathogens is achieved through sterilization, making this the correct answer. Sterilization is a process that eliminates all forms of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores, ensuring that any instrument or surface is completely free from all potential pathogens. This is critical in settings like salons, where the risk of infection can arise from inadequate cleaning practices.

Disinfection, while important, does not guarantee the complete destruction of all pathogens. It significantly reduces the number of harmful microorganisms, but some pathogens may remain. Degreasing focuses on the removal of oils and fats rather than killing microorganisms. Mechanical cleaning may involve scrubbing or washing but won't achieve the level of pathogen removal that sterilization does. Therefore, understanding these distinctions clarifies why complete removal of all pathogens is unique to sterilization.