What is the primary purpose of a base coat in nail application?

The primary purpose of a base coat in nail application is to provide a smooth surface for the subsequent layers of polish. This smooth foundation helps the nail polish adhere better, resulting in a more even application and improved appearance of the color applied over it. A base coat can also protect the natural nail from potential staining caused by colored polishes and can help to fill in any ridges or uneven textures on the nail, creating a more polished overall aesthetic.

While preventing chipping, enhancing shine, and speeding up drying are important aspects of nail care, these functions are more commonly associated with the top coat or specific nail polish formulations rather than the primary function of the base coat.