What characterizes an alkaline perm compared to an acid perm?

An alkaline perm is characterized by a stronger process time and a stronger solution. Alkaline perms utilize an ammonium thioglycolate solution, which has a higher pH level, typically above 7. This higher pH allows for the cuticle layers of the hair to open more widely, facilitating a more dramatic alteration in the hair's structure. As a result, alkaline perms work more quickly than acid perms, which means less processing time is required to achieve the desired curl or wave.

In contrast, acid perms use a gentler, lower pH solution and typically take longer to process because they do not open the cuticle as much. Thus, the strength and speed of the alkaline perm process make it distinct compared to the more mild characteristics of acid perms, which are meant for finer or more delicate hair types.